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The AND mask is 1 bit per pixel, regardless of the color depth specified by the BMP header, and specifies which pixels are fully transparent(1) and which are fully opaque(0).

The XOR mask must precede the AND mask inside the bitmap data if the image is stored in bottom-up order (which it most likely is), the XOR mask would be drawn below the AND mask. Images with less than 32 bits of color depth follow a particular format: the image is encoded as a single image consisting of a color mask (the 'XOR mask') together with an opacity mask (the 'AND mask').

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Icon file structure Īn ICO or CUR file is made up of an ICONDIR ('Icon directory') structure, containing an ICONDIRENTRY structure for each image in the file, followed by a contiguous block of all image bitmap data (which may be in either Windows BMP format, excluding the BITMAPFILEHEADER structure, or in PNG format, stored in its entirety). Erroneous types image/ico, image/icon, text/ico and application/ico have also been seen in use. While the IANA-registered MIME type for ICO files is image/, it was submitted to IANA in 2003 by a third party and is not recognised by Microsoft software, which uses image/x-icon or image/ico instead. With users using higher resolutions and high DPI modes, larger icon formats (such as 256×256) are recommended. The Windows Vista shell adds a slider for 'zooming' the icon sizes in and out. The Windows Vista Explorer supports smoothly scaling icons to non-standard sizes which are rendered on the fly even if an image is not present for that size in the icon file. Although compression is not required, Microsoft recommends that all 256×256 icons in ICO files should be stored in PNG format to reduce the overall size of the file.

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Windows Vista added full support for 256×256-pixel icons, as well as support for the compressed PNG format. Windows XP can downscale larger icons if no closer image size is available.

Microsoft only recommended icon sizes up to 48×48 pixels for Windows XP. Windows XP can be forced to use icons as large as 256×256 by modifying the Shell icon size value but this would cause all 32×32 icons throughout the shell to be upscaled. Windows XP, by default, employs 48×48 pixel icons in Windows Explorer.

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Windows XP added support for 32-bit color (16.7 million colors plus 8-bit alpha channel transparency) icon images, thus allowing semitransparent areas like shadows, anti-aliasing, and glass-like effects to be drawn in an icon. The notification area of the Windows taskbar was limited to 16 color icons by default until Windows Me when it was updated to support high color icons. Thus, a single icon file could store images of any size from 1×1 pixel up to 256×256 pixels (including non-square sizes) with 2 (rarely used),16, 256, 65535, or 16.7 million colors but the shell could not display very large sized icons. The Shell Icon Size value allows using larger icons in place of 32×32 icons and the Shell Small Icon Size value allows using custom sizes in place of 16×16 icons. It was possible to enable 65535 color (Highcolor) icons by either modifying the Shell Icon BPP value in the registry or by purchasing Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95. However, 256 color was the default icon color depth in Windows 95.

Windows 95 also introduced a new Device Independent Bitmap (DIB) engine. Win32 introduced support for storing icon images of up to 16.7 million colors (TrueColor) and up to 256x256 pixels in dimensions. Support for 16 colors was introduced in Windows 3.0. Icons introduced in Windows 1.0 were 32×32 pixels in size and were monochrome. The ANI file format is used for animated Windows cursors. The only differences between these two file formats are the bytes used to identify them and the addition of a hotspot in the CUR format header the hotspot is defined as the pixel offset (in x,y coordinates) from the top-left corner of the cursor image where the user is actually pointing the mouse. The CUR file format is an almost identical image file format for non-animated cursors in Microsoft Windows. In Windows, all executables that display an icon to the user, on the desktop, in the Start Menu, or in Windows Explorer, must carry the icon in ICO format. ICO files contain one or more small images at multiple sizes and color depths, such that they may be scaled appropriately. The ICO file format is an image file format for computer icons in Microsoft Windows.

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